Abstract. The Uni ed Modeling Language (UML) currently proposes
a mechanism to model recurrent design structures: the parameterized
collaborations. The main goal of this mechanism is to model the struc-
ture of Design Patterns. This is an interesting feature because it can help
designers to point out pattern application without spending time with
intricate design details. Moreover, it can also help designers to better
document their systems and to manage their own design pattern library,
which could be used in di erent systems or projects. However, from a tool
perspective, the semantics associated to parameterized collaborations is
still vague. To put it more precisely, the underlying representation of a
design pattern and of its application, and the binding between these two
levels is not exactly de ned, and therefore, can be interpreted in di erent
ways. This article has two purposes. First, we point out ambiguities and
clarify some misunderstanding points concerning parameterized colla-
borations in the \o cial" UML literature. We also show the limits of
this mechanism when e ectively modeling design patterns. Second, we
propose some workarounds for these limits and describe how a tool inte-
grating this mechanism could help with the semi-automatic application
of design patterns.
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